Tuesday, December 31, 2019

reconstruction Essay - 1315 Words

WRITING ASSIGNMENT Nr. I North won the Civil War. Throughout the American Civil War, The North proved to be victorious to The South. The Union had a power and wealth, better economy and technology. There were many key factories: the money, the resources, the commanders, the manpower, the skill and determination and the most important the advanced weapons. Civil War was considered the first modern War in the World, because of new advanced weapons- rifled muskets, that cold reach 300 yards. Although, both sides had access to these weapons, North had the larger quantity. Union solders, were free people and some of Confederate solders were slaves, so the did not really care to fight. What were they defeating: slavery? The period†¦show more content†¦In May of 1865 a new president A. Johnson unveiled his Reconstruction plan. Johnson gave pardons and restored property rights to former landowners if they pledged loyalty to the Union and the Constitution. Johnson’s nothing to say about black people rights after the war. 1865 the southern states revised the slave codes into what became known as the black codes. This practically stripped blacks of equal rights and justice. In 1867 Radical Reconstruction began. Under this plan the South was divided into five districts (excluding Tennessee). General headed each of the districts. The main goal of the leaders of the state was to increase voter registration of blacks, and to see that white c confederates did not get back in to the office. During this time many things were done to free blacks in the South. The 13th amendment prohibited slavery in 1865. The Freedmen’s Bureau was created to assist black people with things such as education and housing. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 defined what civil rights were entitled to all citizens. The 14th amendment ratified in 1868 prohibited states from violating the rights of the citizens. 15th amendment in 1870 gave freedmen a right to vote. Black people still had no choice but to work for white landowners, except for wages, which were wery low. Whites wanted to keep the old system of labor and physical punishment. African AmericansShow MoreRelatedCrime Scene Reconstruction1438 Words   |  6 PagesKristin Waters Crime Scene Reconstruction ENC 1102-154 Reconstructing a crime scene takes a lot of effort from experienced law enforcement, medical examiners, and criminalists. All of these professionals give unique perspectives to develop a crime-scene reconstruction. Forensic scientists also play a vital role in helping to reconstruct the crime scene. They use the crime-scene reconstruction to show events that occurred prior to, during, and after a crime was committed. (Saferstein, 2009) Read MoreReconstruction Of Reconstruction And Reconstruction1031 Words   |  5 PagesReconstruction what is it?What does it mean to reconstruct? Is it possible to reconstruct nowadays? 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The Daubert Standard will discuss and how facial reconstruction was allowed as evidence thru this standard. I will go over all the periods of time that facial reconstruction was used. ComputerizedRead MoreBreast Reconstruction Procedures For Women1221 Words   |  5 PagesBrickell neighborhood. He performs breast reconstruction procedures for women who have had a mastectomy. With breast reconstruction surgery, Dr. G can provide women with natural-looking, shapely breasts. Types of Breast Reconstruction Procedures Available Near Brickell For some patients, reconstruction can begin during their mastectomy. Other patients may choose to have their breast reconstruction at some point after their mastectomy. Typically, breast reconstruction surgery involves several surgical sessionsRead More Reconstruction Essay932 Words   |  4 Pages Reconstruction took place after the end of the civil war. The reason for reconstruction was to put the union back together and free the slaves once and for all. Reconstruction took three eras to be completed. The first was Lincoln, the second Andrew Johnson, and the third was the Congressional â€Å"hard plan.† The Lincoln era lasted from 1863-1865. On December of 1863 the decree of â€Å"soft plan† was introduced. The â€Å"soft plan† included amnesty for the southerners that took the loyalty oath. It also

Monday, December 23, 2019

Financial Analysis of Halliburton Essay - 1517 Words

In 2010, Halliburton produced revenue of $17,973 billion and operating income of $3,009 billion, reflecting an operating margin of approximately 17%. Revenue increased by $3,298 billion, or 22% from 2009, while operating income increased $1,015 billion, or 51% from 2009. According to Halliburton’s 2010 Annual Report, â€Å"these increases were due to its customers’ higher capital spending throughout 2010, led by increased drilling activity and pricing improvements in North America† (Hal 2010 annual report). However, Halliburton remains cautious because of the shifts in oil and natural gas prices and supply/demand factors. These â€Å"shifts† are important for equipment and services providers in the oil and gas industry because it affects the†¦show more content†¦Several financial ratios can be considered when looking at a company’s economic performance. However, given all the possibilities it is important to focus on a few key areas that ar e functionally related. Therefore, for the purpose of analyzing Halliburton’s financial position as well as its competitors, some common ratios can be used such as current ratio, debt-to-total assets, inventory turnover, average collection period, net profit margin, and return on total assets (ROA). The first ratio to evaluate is the Current Ratio, which is calculated as current assets divided by current liabilities. Halliburton’s 2010 current ratio is 3.22, which improved from 2.99 in 2009 and from 2.66.in 2008. This ratio shows that Halliburton has a strong increasing liquidity and is in much better shape than its competitors. Baker Hughes has a 2010 current ratio of 2.77 and Schlumberger has a 2010 current ratio of 1.67. Therefore, Halliburton is in a better financial position to meet its short-term obligations. The second ratio to evaluate is Debt-To-Total Assets Ratio, which is calculated as total debt divided by total assets. Halliburton’s debt-to-total assets of .43 has improved from the 2009 ratio of .47 and the 2008 ratio of .46 given it a stronger position in the industry. The low level shows very manageable debt allowing Halliburton to take advantage of the rising demand for oil andShow MoreRelatedFinancial Analysis : Halliburton Company1354 Words   |  6 PagesHalliburton Company â€Å"Financial analysis consists of the quantitative and qualitative aspects of measuring the relative financial position among firms and industries† (Gibson, 2014, p.216). The analysis provided throughout this work will consist of a vertical and horizontal analysis of both the income statement and balance sheet for Halliburton Company. 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Sunday, December 15, 2019

Effects of Desertification Free Essays

Environmental problems Of all the global environmental problems, desertification is, perhaps, the most threatening for poor rural people. The most accepted definition of desertification states that it is land degradation in arid, semiarid, and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities. Drylands cover almost 40 percent of the total land surface of the world and are inhabited by approximately 1 billion humans dispersed over more than 100 countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Desertification or any similar topic only for you Order Now These people include many of the world’s most vulnerable, marginalized, and politically weak citizens. In spite of the progress in the understanding of the ecological dimension of this phenomenon, few communities’ wellbeing has improved by the myriad action plans and activities carried out by local, regional, or national organizations, particularly in Africa. A growing body of evidence suggests that a closer look at the social system and the role of its components is critical to understanding this frequent outcome. Drylands are characterized by water scarcity stemming from the conjunction of low water offer (i. e. , precipitation) and high water demand (i. . , water lost to the atmosphere as water vapor from soil via evaporation and from plants through transpiration). Drylands’ precipitation is highly variable through the year and occurs in infrequent, discrete, and largely unpredictable events. In turn, the high evaporative demand of the atmosphere, resulting from high air temperatures, low humidity, and abundant solar radiation, determines that water availability is th e dominant controlling factor for biological processes such as plant growth and herbivore productivity. Thus drylands, though not barren, are ecosystems of low and highly variable productivity capable of limited human settlement and vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbance. The proximate causes of desertification are complex and vary from region to region. The European Mediterranean region has a long history of human misuse. War, urbanization, farming, and tourism have, over the years, altered vegetation to such an extent that, at present, virtually no natural vegetation exists there and soil erosion is ubiquitous. In contrast, Australian drylands have experienced extensive degradation only recently. The introduction of domestic livestock by Europeans in the late 1880s, together with the fences used to concentrate these animals and the suppression of fire, drastically reduced the abundance of perennial grasses, leaving more soil exposed to erosion by water or wind, and triggered shrub encroachment. In the Sahelian region of Africa, where the concept of desertification was first coined at the beginning of the 20th century, the replacement of the original vegetation by crops, the increase of grazing pressure over the remaining lands, and the collection of wood for fuel resulted in a reduction of the biological or economic productivity of the land. In particular, inappropriate use of heavy machinery, deficient irrigation schemes, and grazing management practices led to soil erosion, salinization, and overgrazing. Any attempt to assess the impact of desertification on human societies should first acknowledge the difference between the ways water-limited ecosystems shape the functioning of social systems and the effects of desertification itself. Desertification imposes an additional constraint on human well-being by further reducing the limited ecosystem goods (e. g. , food, timber, water) and services (e. g. , soil maintenance, erosion control, carbon sequestration) that drylands provide. Failure to address this difference would lead to an overestimation of the desertification effects. Additionally, the manifestations of desertification vary widely, depending on the capacity of each country to mitigate its impacts. For example, in Africa it resulted in declining productivity and intensifying food insecurity and widespread famines, whereas in the Mediterranean region desertification seriously threatens water supply, while many regions of northern Europe are experiencing an increase in dust deposition due to north African soil erosion. In poor countries with a large proportion of their territory in arid and semiarid regions, desertification may trigger a downward spiral where a significant amount of a nation’s human and financial resources are devoted to combating past desertification effects, leaving less available to invest in health, education, industry, and governmental institutions. The ultimate precarious social conditions thus developed generally lead to migrations, exacerbating urban sprawl, and may bring about internal and cross-boundary social, ethnic, and political strife. Approaches to the desertification problem broadly fall into two competing perspectives: the predominant global environmental management (GEM) discourse and the populist discourse. Whereas the former discourse rests on neoliberal values and Malthusian thinking, the latter has its philosophical roots in the self-reliant advocacy derived from the dependency schools of the 1970s and 1980s. The GEM discourse depicts overpopulation in drylands as the main problem leading to the degradation of the ecosystems on which they depend. As seen in the GEM discourse, the global problem of desertification requires a global solution. Therefore, GEM supporters promote topdown, interventionist and technocentrist solutions implemented through international institutions and conventions, such as the UN Convention to Combat Desertification. On the contrary, the populist discourse–populist in the sense that it positively portrays the acts of local people–emphasizes that the marginalization of smallholders and pastoralists started during the colonial period and was subsequently deepened by global capitalism, transnational corporations, and northern consumers as the principal causes of land overexploitation and degradation. International assistance in the form of debt per nature exchanges or technological transferences is regarded as part of the problem itself. Rather, the populist discourse focuses on local or traditional knowledge and community-based action as major sources to overcome environmental problems. However, despite its diametrically opposed explanations of the desertification problem, neither discourse denies an impending crisis caused by desertification. Why, almost a century after its first detection, does desertification continue to be among the most important environmental problems faced by humankind? Though no single answer exists, there are some arguments to sketch an answer. Undoubtedly the inherent complexity of the desertification phenomenon hampers almost every phase of the sequence leading to the mitigation or control of an environmental problem (i. e. , first detection, general recognition, agreement on regulation). For instance, a long period elapsed between when French foresters first perceived what they called â€Å"the desert advance† and the widespread diffusion of the desertification tragedy that took place in the Sahelian region of Africa after a series of drought years at the beginning of the 1970s; today improvements in our understanding of rangelands functioning and climatic variability allow for faster detection and prevention. These advances show that vegetation dynamics in drylands may remain seemingly unaffected by an increase in land use pressure until there is a sudden shift to a lower-productivity stable state, with stochastic climate events, such as severe droughts, acting as triggers. Additionally, incomplete or inadequate scientific knowledge, together with the urgent need of integrative solutions for the Sahelian drama, may have driven actors to resort to the first workable options, leading to erroneous regulations at that time. However, regulations of this kind are not dependent on scientific knowledge alone but also on political pressure mechanisms. Thus an explanation of the failure to achieve sound regulation needs to consider political issues as well. The predominance of the GEM discourse, despite the poor performance of top-down solutions to â€Å"unsustainable† resource management, can be explained by its convenience for the interests of three main groups involved in the desertification issue: national governments, international aid donors, and scientists. National governments benefit not only from foreign financial aid but also from the use of desertification as the basis for severely repressive social control. International donors and institutions find the problem of desertification a reason unto itself for their involvement, whereas scientists may highlight the global nature and severity of the desertification problem as a means to obtain research funds. On the contrary, the bottom-up approaches promoted by the populist discourse do not fit the terms and conditions of bilateral and multilateral funding and instead stress the principles of participation and decentralization. It is apparent that the progress achieved in our comprehension of desertification has not been matched by an improvement in the regulations aimed at mitigating its consequences. While the accumulation of knowledge generated during the past decades provides evidence against both discourses’ main tenets, they nonetheless remain influential in the political and scientific arenas. Future contributions to the solution of the desertification problem require the synthesis of recent social and ecological advances into a new synthetic framework that overcomes the constraints upon the solutions imposed by the GEM and populist discourses. Social scientists hope that a new desertification paradigm–that is, the dryland development paradigm, which represents a convergence of insights from both discourses–is emerging. Bibliography: 1) Adger, W. Neil, Tor A. Benjaminsen, Katrina Brown, and Hanne Svarstad. 2001. Advancing a Political Ecology of Global Environmental Discourses. † Development and Change 32:681-715. 2) Herrmann, Stefanie M. and Charles F. Hutchinson. 2005. â€Å"The Changing Contexts of the Desertification Debate. † Journal of Arid Environments 63:538-55. 3) Reynolds, James F. and D. Mark Stafford-Smith. 2002. Global Desertification: Do Humans Create Deserts? Berlin: Dahlem University Press. 4) Veron, Santiago R. , Jose M. Paruelo, and Martin Oesterheld. 2006. â€Å"Assessing Desertification. † Journal of Arid Environments 66:751-63. How to cite Effects of Desertification, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Easy Jet Company Case Study

Question: Describe about the customer support, Macro environment and Future course of action of the Easy Jet Company? Answer: Introduction: As we know the airlines are fighting for the business in the market. They launch discounted rates for the customer to attract them and they should buy the tickets. Many companies launch holiday packages to attract customers. Many facilities are given to the customer they can buy food before time. The customer does not need to stand in queue for check in company gave facilities to check in online with very less prices. There are many airlines company in the market but the Easy Jet Company is second largest airlines in U.K. This airline offers best deals and lowest fare for the people of Europe and U.K. The company won the various awards for the best services provided to the customers. This airlines ticket is booked online in the website of the company. The main motive of this company is to provide best customer services and in low rates. The most of the flight of Easy Jet provide in North Africa and Europe. The total employees in this company are 6,000 and they function worldwide. The company has total 131 aircrafts in which there is (Airbus A319 and Boeing 737-300) and mostly planes are new. Customer support: The company does not charge for the luxury of customers like free service to business class and first class service and food during the flight. The customer selects the Easy Jet airlines by comparing the fares with the other airlines companies. Services and products: Easy Jet airlines offers the best services to the customers like internet, provide transport from the centre to the airport and also from airport to the centre of the London. The main reason of the success of the company is lowest fare and offers for the customers. (Samli, 1995) Financial information: The Easy Jet airlines are increasing the business year by year. The company is increasing the performance as we can compare in the last some years. We can see in the financial graph company business increase year by year. Macro environment: Macro environment has a great impact on aviation industry. This environment consists of: The political factors are: Tax policy: It can pressure the aviation market in period of system to the business be pursued. Terrorism: The terrorism is the biggest hurdles in the world people are sacred to travel which effect company business. Political instability: Sometime the company has to change the routes of the airlines which can cause of loss in business. Elections: The changes in taxes are causes of profit and loss of the company. The legal factors are: International law: The international laws are very strict so company needs to follow that rules for company welfare. Agreements: The Company can achieve profit if the company accepts the tickets from the other air company for some specific destinations. International trades: The changes in international trade can affect the profit of company. The Economical factors are: Exchange rate: Easy Jet Company belongs to British so the company deals in pounds so the increase the price of pound in dollar can also increase the profit of company. Oil price: As we know the airplanes run on oil so the price of the oil changes time to time. The Socio-cultural factors are: Life style: The people change their life style time to time so it is totally depend on the people to accept the mode of transport. Media views: The media play big role in company business like advertisement and news. Population: If there is high population can increase business for the company. The Technological factors are: Development potential: If the company buy new aircraft with new technology and new routes can cause the increase in business. Research and development: The company needs to research about the demand of the customer and try to fulfill their demands can increase business. Online system: The technology is running to fast that the internet is available everywhere in the people. The customer can check price and book flight by themselves. This can also decrease in the employees of the company. Micro environment: This environment consists of: Suppliers: The supplier should supply the demand of airlines on time. Distributors: The food product served during the travel should be best because the food items need more attention. Customers: The customer satisfaction is the first part of increase in business. If the customer is satisfied than he or she will tell in society to choose same airlines. Competitors: The Company has to face lot of problem when new company launches their product with new aircraft and new policies to attract customer. The company needs to struggle for business and can also cause the loss in business. (Kotler Gary, 2006) Future course of action: The airlines company should take many steps for better business in future. They should provide many facilities to the customers like: Book hotels: Mostly company gives the deals of hotel like to book ticket of airlines and get discounted rates in the hotel booking. This will attract the customer and give good business. The airlines company should tie up with some hotels. Car rental: The customer want car for going to destination but they had to search the car. The company should have help desk so that the customer can hire taxi inside the airport or online before the journey start for convenience. Holidays packages: The holiday packages should be sold online which includes the flight, hotel, food and transport according to the convenience of the customer. The customer feels difficult to search everything in other city or country. Internet facilities: The internet is necessity of life so airlines company should provide internet everywhere for the customers. For the good business company should try to introduce new plans and offer for the customer. In the modern time there are many types of advertisement which can increase business for the company: Newspaper: The newspaper is very successful ways of advertisement people usually buy the newspaper at home and offices. The advertisement given by the company which contain new offer or discounted price can attract the customer. Television: the media is also another way for the company to attract customer. The company hires the movies actors or models which help the company to attract the customers. Internet: The internet is fast way to attract the customers by mailing or pop in social site. The people are informed about the offers of the company. The internet can help people to buy the lowest fare ticket without help of any executive. Banner: The Company hires banner in the city and print the advertisement which people can read while driving or visiting the market place. Cultural program: The Company should organize cultural program. (Jayachandran, 2004) Conclusion: The aviation market is very costly but very profitable for the company. The company should hire the employees who survey every month of the demand of the customer that can help company to know about the customers. The company should ask for the feedback of last customer who travelled through their airlines. This can help the company to know the problem of the customer and try to change that on time for better business. There is lots of competition in the market EasyJet buy new aircraft with the new facilities for the customer. The company try to launch the lowest price for the customer due that customer choose that airlines. The company is increasing business day by day but company need to start new routes for the customers needs. This way the company will be able to maintain its top position in the coming years. Consistent growth and development of the business can be expected and a desired outcome can be achieved from business operation. Hence this airline will continue to be able to offer best deals and lowest fare for the people of Europe and U.K. The company won the various awards for the best services provided to the customers. This airlines ticket is booked online in the website of the company. The main motive of this company is to provide best customer services and in low rates. The most of the flight of Easy Jet provide in North Africa and Europe. Bibliography Corta, J.W., 1993. TQM for sales and marketing management. McGraw-Hill. GlobalMarketingToday, 2015. Global Marketing Management. [Online] Available at: https://globalmarketingtoday.wordpress.com/about/global-marketing-management/ [Accessed 31 May 2015]. Goldstein, D., 2007. What is Customer Segmentation. [Online] Available at: mindofmarketing.net. Jayachandran, S., 2004. Marketing Management. Excel Books India. Kotler, P. Gary, A., 2006. Principles of Marketing. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. Malhotra, N.K., 2002. Basic Marketing Research: A Decision-Making Approach. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.: Prentice Hall. Pegg, S., Patterson, I. Matsumoto, Y., 2014. Understanding the motivations of volunteers engaged in an alternative tourism experience in Northern Australia. Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management., 21(7), pp.800-20. Rao, P.M. Klein, J.A., 2004. Growing importance of marketing strategies for the software industry. Industrial marketing managment, 23(1), pp.29-37. Samli, C.A., 1995. International consumer behavior: its impact on marketing strategy development. Quorum Books. Sharma, N., 2013. Marketing Strategy on Different Stages PLC and its Marketing Implications on FMCG Products. International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services Management Research., 2(3), pp.121-36.